Ir – Imperfect Subjunctive Conjugation
- Ir – Imperfect Subjunctive Conjugation
- The Ultimate Guide to Subjunctive Conjugation in Spanish
- The imperfect subjunctive - WordPress.com
- Ir: Imperfect Subjunctive Tense Conjugation Chart
- Imperfeito do Conjuntivo (Imperfect Subjunctive
- Imperfect Subjunctive II - StudySpanish.com
- The imperfect subjunctive
- The Spanish Imperfect Subjunctive: All You Need to Know
- imperfect subjunctive Flashcards and Study Sets | Quizlet
- The Imperfect Subjunctive in Spanish | SpanishDict
ir imperfect subjunctive
ir imperfect subjunctive - win
Learning FRENCH verbs
French regular -RE verbs are a small group of
French verbs which share a
conjugation pattern. Here are the most common regular -RE verbs:
attendre to wait (for)
défendre to defend
descendre to descend
entendre to to hear
étendre to stretch
fondre to melt
pendre to hang, suspend
perdre to lose
prétendre to claim
rendre to give back, return
répandre to spread, scatter
répondre to answer
vendre to sell
Irregular verbs are so named because they do not follow any of the regular conjugation patterns. But that doesn't mean that every irregular French verb is unique; many of them share a conjugation pattern with at least one other verb. By learning how to conjugate one verb in a group and memorizing the list of similar verbs, you'll be able to conjugate all the verbs in that group.
French has five irregular -RE verb patterns - see examples at the bottom of the page:
1.The first group includes
prendre and all of its derivations (
comprendre, etc). These verbs
drop the din all three plural forms and also
double the nin the third person plural.
2.The second group includes
battre and all of its derivations (
débattre, etc). These verbs
drop the stem's final tin the singular forms.
3.The third group includes
mettre and all of its derivations (
promettre, etc). These verbs are conjugated just like
battre verbs in the present tense, but I consider them a separate group because they are conjugated differently in the
passé simple,
imperfect subjunctive, and
past participle.
(As you can see in the table below, the first three groups take the same present tense verb endings.)
4.The fourth group of irregular -RE verbs includes
rompre and its derivations (
corrompre, etc). These verbs are conjugated exactly like
regular -RE verbs with the single exception of the third person singular present tense, which adds a
tafter the stem.
5.The fifth group of irregular -RE verbs includes all verbs that end in -
aindre (e.g.,
craindre), -
eindre(like
peindre), and -
oindre (such as
joindre). These verbs
drop the din the root in all forms, and
add a g in front of the nin the plural forms.
The rest of the irregular -RE verbs have unique or unwieldy conjugations, so you have to memorize each one separately. Try working on one verb a day until you've mastered them all:
absoudre,
boire,
clore,
conclure,
conduire,
confire,
connaître,
coudre,
croire,
dire,
écrire,
faire,
inscrire,
lire,
moudre,
naître,
plaire,
rire,
suivre,
vivre.
📷
French imperfect conjugations are very easy, as the imperfect of virtually all verbs—regular and irregular—is formed the same way: drop the
-ons ending from the present indicative
nous form of the verb and adding the imperfect endings.
Être is the only irregular verb in the imperfect, because the present tense
nous sommeshas no
-ons to drop. So it has the irregular stem
ét- and uses the same endings as all other verbs.
As in many other tenses,
spelling change verbs, that is, verb which end in
-cer and
-ger, have minor spelling changes in the imperfect.
Verbs that end in
-ier have an imperfect root that ends in i, so end with double i in the
nous and
vous form of the imperfect. This isn't irregular, but it looks kind of weird.
📷
There are five main kinds of verbs in French: regular -ER, -IR, -RE; stem-changing; and irregular. Once you've learned the rules of conjugation for each of the first three kinds of verbs, you should have no problem
conjugating regular verbs in each of those categories. The
majority of French verbs are regular -ER verbs - see the next page for a list of some
common -ER verbs.
The verb form that ends in -ER is called the infinitive (in English, the infinitive is the verb preceded by the word "to"), and -ER is the infinitive ending. The verb with the infinitive ending removed is called the stem or radical. To conjugate -ER verbs, remove the infinitive ending to find the stem and add the endings in the table below.
📷
French regular -ER verbs, by far the largest group of French verbs, share a
conjugation pattern. Here are just a few of the most common regular -ER verbs:
aimer to like, to love
arriver to arrive, to happen
chanter to sing
chercher to look for
commencer* to begin
danser to dance
demander to ask for
dépenser to spend (money)
détester to hate
donner to give
écouter to listen to
étudier** to study
fermer to close
goûter to taste
jouer to play
laver to wash
manger* to eat
nager* to swim
parler to talk, to speak
passer to pass, spend (time)
penser to think
porter to wear, to carry
regarder to watch, to look at
rêver to dream
sembler to seem
skier* to ski
travailler to work
trouver to find
visiter to visit (a place)
voler to fly, to steal
There are a lot of French verbs that end in -ER and there are a lot of irregular French verbs, but
there is only one irregular -ER verb. However, there are three groups of -ER verbs that have some irregularities.
Aller Aller (to go) is the only truly irregular -er verb in French - its conjugations are unique and, according to some, very odd.
Spelling change verbs Spelling change verbs are verbs that end in
-cer or
-ger. Their stem formation and verb endings are the same as for regular -er verbs, but there is a slight spelling change for pronunciation purposes in certain conjugations.
Stem-changing verbs Stem-changing verbs are -er verbs that take the regular endings but have two different radicals. There are five categories of French stem-changing verbs:
-yer,
-eler,
-eter,
-e_er, and
-é_er.
-IER verbs There is nothing actually irregular about the conjugation of
-ier verbs - they are conjugated like regular -er verbs, but some of their forms look strange.
📷
French regular -IR verbs, the second largest group of French verbs, share a
conjugation pattern. Here are just a few of the most common regular -IR verbs:
abolir to abolish
agir to act
avertir to warn
bâtir to build
bénir to bless
choisir to choose
établir to establish
étourdir to stun, deafen, make dizzy
finir to finish
grossir to gain weight, get fat
guérir to cure, heal, recover
maigrir to lose weight, get thin
nourrir to feed, nourish
obéir to obey
punir to punish
réfléchir to reflect, think
remplir to to fill
réussir to succeed
rougir to blush, turn red
vieillir to grow old
Irregular verbs are the bane of every French student's existence, but there is some good news. There are some patterns in the irregularities - once you learn the
conjugations for one verb in a group, you shouldn't have any trouble with the other verbs in that group.
There are two groups of irregular -IR verbs: 1.The first group of irregular verbs includes
dormir,
mentir,
partir,
sentir,
servir,
sortir, and all of their derivatives (
repartir, etc). These verbs drop the last letter of the radical in the singular conjugations - see example in table below.
2.The second group of verbs includes
couvrir,
cueillir,
découvrir,
offrir,
ouvrir,
souffrir, and their derivatives (
recouvrir, etc). These verbs are conjugated like
regular -ER verbs - see example in table below.
The rest of the irregular -IR verbs don't follow a pattern - you have to memorize the conjugations for each one separately:
asseoir,
courir,
devoir,
falloir,
mourir,
pleuvoir,
pouvoir,
recevoir,
savoir,
tenir,
valoir,
venir,
voir,
vouloir 📷
The passé composé is the most common French past tense, often used in conjunction with the
imperfect. The
passé composé can express any of the following:
I. An action completed in the past As-tu étudié ce weekend ? Did you study this weekend?
Ils ont déjà mangé. They have already eaten.
II. An action repeated a number of times in the past Oui, j'ai mangé cinq fois hier. Yes, I did eat five times yesterday.
Nous avons visité Paris plusieurs fois. We've visited Paris several times.
III. A series of actions completed in the past Quand je suis arrivé, j'ai vu les fleurs. When I arrived, I saw the flowers.
Samedi, il a vu sa mère, a parlé au médicin et a trouvé un chat. Saturday he saw his mother, talked to the doctor, and found a cat.
The
passé composé is a
compound conjugation, which means it has two parts:
- present tense of the auxiliary verb (either avoir or être)
- past participle of the main verb
📷
Imperfect Quand j'avais 15 ans, je voulais être psychiatre. Je m'intéressais à la psychologie parce que je connaissais beaucoup de gens très bizarres. Le week-end, j'allais à la bibliothèque et j'étudiais pendant toute la journée. When I was 15, I wanted to be a psychiatrist. I was interested in psychology because I knew a lot of really weird people. On the weekends, I used to go to the library and study all day.
Passé composé Un jour, je suis tombé malade et j'ai découvert les miracles de la médecine. J'ai fait la connaissance d'un médecin et j'ai commencé à étudier avec lui. Quand la faculté de médecine m'a accepté, je n'ai plus pensé à la psychologie. One day, I got sick and discovered the wonders of medicine. I met a doctor and started studying with him. After the medical school accepted me, I didn't think about psychology any more.
Indicators The following key words and phrases tend to be used with either the imperfect or the passé composé, so when you see any of them, you know which tense you need:
The imperative, called
l'impératif in French, is a verb
mood which is used to
· give an order
· express a desire
· make a request
· offer advice
· recommend something
Unlike all other French verb tenses and personal moods, the
subject pronoun is not used with the imperative:
Fermez la porte. Close the door.
Mangeons maintenant. Let's eat now.
Ayez la bonté de m'attendre. Please wait for me.
Veuillez m'excuser. Please excuse me.
The above are called "affirmative commands," because they are telling someone to do something. "Negative commands," which tell someone
notto do something, are made by placing
ne in front of the verb and the appropriate
negative adverb after the verb:
Ne parle pas ! Don't speak!
N'oublions pas les livres. Let's not forget the books.
N'ayez jamais peur. Never be afraid.
-ER verbs (regular, stem-changing,
spelling change, and irregular) The imperative conjugations for
nous and
vous are the same as the present indicative, and the
tu form of the imperative is the indicative minus the final s (but see item 4 on
this page):
parler (tu) parle (nous) parlons (vous) parlez
lever (tu) lève (nous) levons (vous) levez
aller (tu) va (nous) allons (vous) allez
Verbs which are conjugated like -ER verbs (meaning that in the indicative the
tu form ends in -es), such as
ouvrir and
souffrir, follow the same rules as -ER verbs.
ouvrir (tu) ouvre (nous) ouvrons (vous) ouvrez
-IR verbs and -RE verbs The imperative conjugations for all regular and most* irregular -IR and -RE verbs are the same as the present indicative conjugations.
finir (tu) finis (nous) finissons (vous) finissez
attendre (tu) attends (nous) attendons (vous) attendez
faire (tu) fais (nous) faisons (vous) faites
*Except for verbs conjugated like -ER verbs and the following four irregular imperative verbs:
avoir (tu) aie (nous) ayons (vous) ayez
être (tu) sois (nous) soyons (vous) soyez
savoir (tu) sache (nous) sachons (vous) sachez
vouloir (tu) veuille (nous) n/a (vous) veuillez
The order of words in a French sentence can be very confusing due to affirmative and negative imperative constructions and object and
adverbial pronouns. This lesson will teach you exactly how to order your sentences when using the imperative. Remember that there are two kinds of imperatives, affirmative and negative, and the word order is different for each of them.
Negative imperatives are easier, because their
word order is the same as that of all other simple verb conjugations: any object, reflexive, and/or adverbial pronouns precede the verb and the
negative structure surrounds the pronoun(s) + verb:
Finis ! - Finish!
Ne finis pas ! - Don't finish!
Ne le finis pas ! - Don't finish it!
Lisez ! - Read!
Ne lisez pas ! - Don't read!
Ne le lisez pas ! - Don't read it!
Ne me le lisez pas ! - Don't read it to me!
Affirmative commands are more complicated, for several reasons.
1.The word order is for affirmative commands is different from that of all other verb tenses/moods: any pronouns follow the verb and are connected to it and to each other with
hyphens.
Finis-le ! - Finish it!
Allons-y ! - Let's go!
Mangez-les ! - Eat them!
Donne-lui-en ! - Give him some!
2.The order of the pronouns in affirmative commands is slightly different from all other verb tenses/moods (see table at the bottom of the page):
Envoie-le-nous ! - Send it to us!
Expliquons-la-leur ! - Let's explain it to them!
Donnez-nous-en ! - Give us some!
Donne-le-moi ! - Give it to me!
3.The pronouns
me and
te change to the
stressed pronouns moi and
toi...
Lève-toi ! - Get up!
Parlez-moi ! - Talk to me!
Dis-moi ! - Tell me!
...unless they are followed by
y or en, in which case they
contract to
m' and
t' Va-t'en ! - Go away!
Faites-m'y penser. - Remind me about it.
4.When a
tu command is followed by the pronouns
y or en, the final s is not dropped from the verb conjugation:
Vas-y ! - Go away!
Parles-en. - Talk about it.
📷
submitted by minimalistcookie to French [link] [comments]
Any tips on my grammar?
Hey guys, I'm a non-native speaker who has been studying for about four years now- this is a sample paragraph I had to write for an assignment. The assignment had to include some vocabulary, which is why the text doesn't make a lot of sense at times, but I'd love any feedback on my use of grammar! I'd especially like feedback on my use of the imperfect subjunctive, as this was part of the assignment. Thanks Reddit!
Estuve muy triste cuando el Presidente anunció que los Americanos no pueden viajar porque el coronavirus. Mi familia y yo planificaron una vacaciones a España para vacaciones de primavera. Fueron a Barcelona, que me gusta más que Madrid, si la vacaciones no estuvo cancelada. Pero, ahora que la vacaciones está cancelada, estamos pensando sobre que la vacaciones próximo. Quiero ir a Chile, porque puedo hacer las caminatas en lugares muy bonitos. De hecho, quisiera ir a Chile más de Espana, si fueron mi decision. Chile es mas bonita que España, y este país puede hacer el mas bonita que los paises de Sudamerica. El bandero de Chile es muy bacano, en mi opinion. Chile es más seguro que otras paises en Sudamerica, y no hay muchos ladrones, el terrorismo o personas quién quiere secuestrar turistas. Prefiero ir a Chile este primavera, si yo puede. También, tuviera la oportunidad a hablar con personas en español.
submitted by hbruvdrone to LearnSpanishInReddit [link] [comments]
Introducing Atlanteo-Romance
For the past week or so, I've been tinkering with the beginnings of a new Romance conlang. It may replace a much older one that I designed as part of the concept for an epic fantasy that I haven't done much with in years, or I may make it its own thing and find a new purpose for it. For now, I'm calling it "Atlanteo-Romance," because in the mythology surrounding the original version, it arose among the descendants of Atlantean survivors who escaped to Europe.
This is my attempt at a comprehensive (and hopefully intriguing) introduction. I have more, mostly notes on morphophonology that explain why certain word forms are as they are, but given how long this post already is, I figured that it would be better to save those for a "focus" thread.
In some ways, this conlang is rather vanilla as Romance languages go. Those who are at all familiar with Spanish and/or Italian in particular (as well as Latin, of course) will find much that is familiar here. Still, I hope to have given it a few unique touches as well, and above all, realism and plausibility were two of my main design goals. This may or may not be the final version, but it's at least at a point where I think it's worth gathering feedback.
Phonology Consonants https://preview.redd.it/y2fssafbxh341.png?width=658&format=png&auto=webp&s=6220bf56b058411ed9d3f8e664c06277c199c0ff Vowels (Monophthongs) https://preview.redd.it/03085zldxh341.png?width=334&format=png&auto=webp&s=0f75ab9d4ee54f267229a8d455f7e0b27b9a55d7 Diphthongs https://preview.redd.it/w85xnbkgxh341.png?width=334&format=png&auto=webp&s=1ec65c4fdc1a05137449bf740eca8bc3f73bd70c Word-final oral stops are phonotactically prohibited.
Orthography c = /t͡ʃ/ before 'e' or 'i,' /k/ elsewhere
ĉ = /k/ before 'e' or 'i,' /t͡ʃ/ elsewhere
g = /d͡ʒ/ before 'e' or 'i,' /g/ elsewhere
ĝ = /g/ before 'e' or 'i,' /d͡ʒ/ elsewhere
ç = /ʃ/
j = /ʒ/
All other letters have their standard IPA values.
Regular stress is assigned…
- …to the penultimate syllable if the word ends in a vowel, 'n,' or 's.'
- …to the final syllable if the word ends in any consonant besides 'n' or 's.'
Irregular stress is marked…
- …with a grave accent mark if the relevant syllable is word-final.
- …with an acute accent mark if the relevant syllable is not word-final.
Morphology Verbs There are four inflectional classes (or conjugations) of verbs. Conjugated below are the words for "speak," "hold," "write," and "hear," respectively. The conditional is grouped under the subjunctive mainly for ease of tabulation.
https://preview.redd.it/k5gyvpv9s0m51.png?width=777&format=png&auto=webp&s=06c923e2137ac04b5d68bf8c26575d8b044083ee NOTES:
The third-person singular present indicative suffix
-i in the fourth conjugation arose by analogy with the other conjugations. The older form produced by regular sound changes was
-e.
The
-o ending in the first-person singular imperfect indicative of all conjugations arose by analogy with the present tense. The older form produced by regular sound changes was
-a.
The conditional was formed by the fusion of the infinitive with imperfect indicative forms of
aber prior to the aforementioned change by analogy, hence the surviving
–a in the first-person singular conditonal.
Nouns and Adjectives There are two grammatical genders, masculine and feminine, as well as two main declensions for number. The plural marker is an
-s suffix after a vowel and an
-es suffix after a consonant. Adjectives agree in number and gender with the nouns they modify.
Declined below are the words for "ear," "eye," "song," and "month," respectively.
https://preview.redd.it/9z561jzk0a741.png?width=296&format=png&auto=webp&s=18d748c97beed1e03c54daa06ae8b9cb22a13586 Declined below are the words for "good," "merry," and "Chinese," respectively.
https://preview.redd.it/3p4eh0lkpm341.png?width=296&format=png&auto=webp&s=9e917228fef4aaa4089abad4c4cb19fec17f46a1 Adverbs Most adverbs are formed by adding the suffix
-mèn to the singular feminine form of the corresponding adjective.
Regular Superlatives Superlatives are formed by taking the stem of the corresponding adjective, minus the final vowel if it ends in one, and adding the suffix
-ésemo.
Syntax Periphrastic Verb Tenses In addition to the synthetic verb forms given above, there are also three periphrastic aspects in which verbs can occur.
- Perfect aspect is formed by the appropriate form of aber followed by the past participle.
- Progressive aspect is formed by the appropriate form of star followed by the present participle.
- An alternative, more colloquial future may be formed with the appropriate form of ir followed first by the preposition a(z) and then by the infinitive.
Passive voice forms are constructed with the appropriate form of
éser followed by the past participle, inflected to agree in number and gender with the subject.
Negative commands are formed by
no followed by the present subjunctive.
Pronoun Placement An accusative or dative pronoun must…
- …precede the finite verb of which it is an argument if that verb is in the indicative or subjunctive mood.
- …follow the finite verb of which it is in argument if that verb is in the imperative mood.
Dative pronouns precede accusative pronouns.
Article Elision A vowel at the end of a definite or indefinite article may be omitted in speech and replaced with an apostrophe in writing if the following word begins with a vowel.
Functional Vocabulary Articles and Demonstratives Declined here are the words for "a(n)/some," "the," "this," and "that," respectively.
https://preview.redd.it/afnuuniw2a741.png?width=193&format=png&auto=webp&s=e0793c5f1215cf69315b7ac3f32435cb2e5a0834 Auxiliary Verbs Conjugated here are the words for "be/exist," "be/stand," "have," and "go," respectively.
https://preview.redd.it/ybk0jk56q0m51.png?width=777&format=png&auto=webp&s=21c9f98682baf766ac5c2c91cdc8a34004ab0c6c
The form
o for the first-person singular present indicative of
aber arose by analogy with the corresponding form of all other verbs. The older form produced by regular sound changes was
e.
Pronouns https://preview.redd.it/a8l9krlcoj341.png?width=432&format=png&auto=webp&s=9db131094024e73c3e445f45fa0135ccfb34bf59 Subject pronouns are often omitted due to verb inflections rendering them redundant.
The second-person plural possessive was formed by analogy with
nostro. The older form produced by regular sound changes was
vestro.
The third-person plural reflexive pronouns
ses and
sis arose by applying the plural marker by analogy with nouns.
The plural third-person possessive arose by analogy with the correlation between accusative
nos and possessive
nostro as well as between accusative
vos and possessive
vostro.
Prepositions and Conjunctions Final consonants in parentheses are only included if the following word begins with a vowel. Some of these prepositions double as adverbs.
a(z) = to; at
ante = before; earlier
co = with
cuo = that
de = of; from; than
despòs = after; later
e(z) = and
mes = but
o(z) = or
per = through; by means of
pro = for
si = if
sóper = over; above
sov = under; below
Interrogatives/Relatives: cuando = when
cuanto = how much/many
cue = whom/which/that (accusative/dative)
cui = who/which/that (nominative)
cuo = what
cuomo = how
ov = where
A Few More Very Basic Words: si = yes
no = no, not
i = here
ev = there
Example Sentences Ti scribrò una letra.
"I'll write you a letter."
Me poses veder? "Can you see me?"
As trovato lo coniclo? "Have you found the rabbit?"
Cuo stamos facendo?
"What are we doing?"
Ves desidero, "Feliç Natiftaz!" "I wish you, 'Merry Christmas!'"
submitted by Glossaphilos to conlangs [link] [comments]
List of common sentence structures?
EDI: Doesn't look like there's a list anywhere, so I'll just make a google doc and post it. Thanks for the contributions yall
Hi all, I was wondering if there's a list anywhere of common sentence structures. Or if people want to contribute their own examples, I'll add them here. If we get enough I'll just put them in a Google doc
Examples:
Ojalá/EsperaQuerer que + subjunctive.
Si + imperfect subjunctive, conditional
(In order of urgency level) deber conditional/deber indicative/tener que/necesitar + infinitive
No verb object, sino object.
No solo verb object, sino object también
Ir a + infinitive
Estar + gerund
Ir + gerund
Seguir + gerund
Antes/después de + infinitive
Antes/después de que + indicative/subjunctive
submitted by PabloEscribir to Spanish [link] [comments]
Introduction to Tevrés
Preface
Tevrés is a naturalistic artlang, descended from my previous conlang; Coeñar Aerānir. It takes its main inspiration from Old Spanish and Ladino, German, and Japanese. I still have a lot to do, but this should serve as a basic primer. Hopefully you can all enjoy taking a look at it, despite all the tables, and I look forward to hearing what you have to say. Criticism is welcome!
Phonology
Phonemic Inventory
Consonants
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar |
Nasal | m | | n | ɲ ⟨ñ⟩ | |
Stop | p | | t | | k ⟨c, qu⟩ |
Fricative | f v | ð ⟨d⟩ | s ⟨s, ss⟩ z ⟨s⟩ | ʃ ⟨x⟩ ʒ ⟨j, g⟩ | ɣ ⟨g, gu⟩ |
Affricate | | | t͡s ⟨ç, c, z⟩ d͡z ⟨z⟩ | t͡ʃ ⟨ch⟩ | |
Tap | | | ɾ ⟨r⟩ | | |
Trill | | | r ⟨rr⟩ | | |
Approximate | | | l | j ⟨y⟩ ʎ ⟨ll⟩ | |
- /k/ is spelled ⟨c⟩ before /a/ /o/ and ⟨qu⟩ before /i/ /e/.
- /s/ is spelled ⟨s⟩ initially, finally, and before voiceless consonants, and ⟨ss⟩ elsewhere.
- /ʒ/ is spelled ⟨j⟩ before /a/ /o/ and ⟨g⟩ before /i/ /e/.
- /ɣ/ is spelled ⟨g⟩ before /a/ /o/ and ⟨gu⟩ before /i/ /e/.
- /t͡s/ is spelled ⟨ç⟩ before /a/ /o/, ⟨c⟩ before /i/ /e/, and ⟨z⟩ finally.
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back |
Close | i | | u |
Mid | e | | o |
Open | | a | |
Diphthongs
| Front | Back |
Close | uj ⟨ui⟩ | iw ⟨iu⟩ |
Mid | ej ⟨ei⟩ oj ⟨oi⟩ | ew ⟨eu⟩ |
Open | aj ⟨ai⟩ | |
King’s Court Dialect
| Front | Central | Back |
Close | i y ⟨ui⟩ | | ɯ ⟨iu⟩ u |
Mid | e ø ⟨oi⟩ | | ɤ ⟨eu⟩ o |
Open | ɛ ⟨ai⟩ | a | |
Nouns
Gender & Number
Tevrés nouns fall into one of three gender categories; temporary, reproductive, and eternal. Although it is difficult to discern gender based off the shape of the word, nouns with singular endings in -a are generally reproductive, and nouns with plurals endings in -os are generally eternal.
| Temporary | | Reproductive | | Eternal | |
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural |
Class 1-2 | durve | durves | cuaña | cuañes | man | manos |
Class 3 | | | pued | puedes | llengod | llengodes |
Masculine and neuter nouns in Class 1-2 may end in either e or a consonant. The same is true of Class 3 feminine and neuter nouns. There are no Class 3 masculine nouns.
Without articles or adjectives, Tevrés nouns also decline for the following four cases:
Class 1-2
| Temporary | | Reproductive | | Eternal | |
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural |
Ergative | durvos | durves | cuaña | cuañes | man | manos |
Absolutive | durve | durves | cuaña | cuañe | man | manos |
Dative | durve | durvon | cuañe | cuañan | mane | manon |
Genitive | durve | durves | cuañe | cuañes | mane | manes |
Class 3
| Reproductive | | Eternal | |
| singular | plural | singular | plural |
Ergative | pued | puedes | llengod | llengodes |
Absolutive | pued | puedes | llengod | llengodes |
Dative | puede | pueden | llengode | llengoden |
Genitive | puede | puedes | llengode | llengodes |
Case & Articles
There are four grammatical genres in Tevrés, which are encoded via articles before the noun in question. There are two types of articles, definite and indefinite, and on top of that each both have an extra topical form, although the indefinite topical article is identical in pronunciation to its plain form in all put the plural, and is only distinguished in writing. All three genders receive identical articles in the plural.
Definite Article
| Temporary | Reproductive | Eternal | Plural |
Ergative | llos | lla | ul | llues |
Absolutive | ul | lla | ul | llos |
Dative | llo | llo | llo | llana |
Genitive | lle | lle | lle | lles |
Definite Topical Article
| Temporary | Reproductive | Eternal | Plural |
Ergative | allos | alla | al | allues |
Absolutive | al | alla | al | allos |
Dative | allo | allo | allo | allana |
Genitive | alle | alle | alle | alles |
Indefinite Article
| Temporary | Reproductive | Eternal | Plural |
Ergative | ames | ama | am | osses |
Absolutive | am | ama | am | os |
Dative | amo | amo | amo | ossa |
Genitive | ame | ame | ame | osses |
Indefinite Topical Article
| Temporary | Reproductive | Eternal | Plural |
Ergative | ámes | áma | ám | asses |
Absolutive | ám | áma | ám | as |
Dative | ámo | ámo | ámo | assa |
Genitive | áme | áme | áme | asses |
Pronouns
The definite article doubles as the third person pronoun in Tevrés, and is marked with an acute accent in writing (ul “the” vs. úl “them/it”). In addition, there are first, second, and reflexive pronouns. The first and second pronouns decline for a dual number, as well as singular and plural. The first person dual can be wither inclusive (In.) or exclusive (Ex.). Dual nouns cause verbs to decline in the plural. Furthermore, pronouns also have topical forms.
First Person Pronoun
| Singular | Dual In. | Dual Ex. | Plural |
Ergative | ei | iguén | ígues | mos |
Absolutive | te | ten | teun | mi |
Dative | tío | ton | tió | mena |
Genitive | tes | tines | teres | mis |
First Person Topical Pronoun
| Singular | Dual In. | Dual Ex. | Plural |
Ergative | ai | aiguén | aígues | amos |
Absolutive | ate | aten | ateun | ami |
Dative | atío | aton | atió | amena |
Genitive | ates | atines | ateres | amis |
Second Person Pronoun
| Singular | Dual | Plural |
Ergative | en | nes | jos |
Absolutive | ne | nos | i |
Dative | nío | nien | ena |
Genitive | ni | nieste | eis |
Second Person Topical Pronoun
| Singular | Dual | Plural |
Ergative | an | anes | ajos |
Absolutive | ane | anos | aí |
Dative | anío | anien | ana |
Genitive | ani | anieste | ais |
Reflexive Pronoun
| Singular |
Ergative | ce |
Absolutive | ce |
Dative | cío |
Genitive | ci |
Possessive Pronouns
Possessive pronouns function most similarly to articles, coming before the noun and declining for case, with the same endings.
| Singular | Plural |
1st Person | tir | mir |
2nd Person | nir | ir |
3rd Person | llir | llir |
Adjectives
Adjectives must match the noun that they modify in number and gender. If there is no article, then they also decline for case. They are sorted into the same classes as the nouns; however in this case Class 3 adjectives can be masculine, although all genders in that group are identical.
It should be noted that nouns are not declined when the adjective is declined.
Class 1-2
| Temporary | | Reproductive | | Eternal | |
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural |
Ergative | llustos | llustes | llusta | llustes | lluste | llustos |
Absolutive | lluste | llustes | llusta | lluste | lluste | llustos |
Dative | lluste | lluston | lluste | llustan | lluste | lluston |
Genitive | lluste | llustes | lluste | llustes | lluste | llustes |
Class 3
| Singular | Plural |
Ergative | raz | razes |
Absolutive | raz | razes |
Dative | raze | razen |
Genitive | raze | razes |
Verbs
Tense
There are too main tenses in Tevrés; the non-past and the past. All aspects, moods, and voices can be conjugated into either of these tenses.
Non-past
| íz-Verbs | | éz-Verbs | | áz-Verbs | |
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural |
1st Person | deve | dive | hueze | hoze | çame | ceme |
2nd Person | diva | deven | hoza | huezen | çama | çaman |
3rd Person | deves | divos | huezes | hozos | çamas | çamos |
Past
| íz-Verbs | | éz-Verbs | | áz-Verbs | |
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural |
1st Person | deví | devío | hozéi | hozío | çamái | çamó |
2nd Person | devía | devíon | hozía | hozíon | çamá | çamón |
3rd Person | devís | devíos | hozéis | hozíos | çamáis | çamós |
Aspect
Verbs can be put in the perfective aspect via the prefix -o. An -h- is inserted if the verb begins with a vowel. Non-past perfective forms are also called Stative, and past perfective are called Perfect.
- ex: alla ciente llegres “The sky darkens.” / alla ciente ollegres “The sky is dark.”
- ex: ai lla salva hozéi “I read the book.” / ai lla salva ohozéi “I have read the book.”
When the perfective prefix is applied to non-past transitive verbs, they often shift to the anti-passive voice (see more in a later section). However, unlike the passive, this construction highlights that the action was done deliberately by some agent.
- ex: ai lla herra vehe “I eat rice.” / alla herra ovehes “The rice is eaten.”
Mood
Subjunctive
| íz-Verbs | | éz-Verbs | | áz-Verbs | |
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural |
1st Person | to dive | to deve | to hoze | to hoze | to ceme | to ceme |
2nd Person | to diva | to diven | to hueza | to hozan | to cema | to ceman |
3rd Person | to dives | to divos | to hozas | to huezos | to cemas | to cemos |
Note: the perfective -o is added to to, forming oto, in the subjunctive.
Another note: to can be added before any form of a verb to form the weak subjunctive, which carries the meaning of “perhaps, maybe, I think, I wonder, etc…,” ie. úl to vexa? “You can eat it, right?”
The Honorific
The honorific is formed by removing to from the subjunctive and adding the perfective -o. It is used when the agent, topic, or subject of a clause is of superior status to the speaker.
- ex: ates cir llos salves juevas “My friend writes books.” / al arrién llos salves ojovas “The king writes books.”
| íz-Verbs | | éz-Verbs | | áz-Verbs | |
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural |
1st Person | odive | odeve | ohoze | ohoze | oceme | 0ceme |
2nd Person | odiva | odiven | ohueza | ohozan | ocema | oceman |
3rd Person | odives | odivos | ohozas | ohuezos | ocemas | ocemos |
Potential
It should be noted that the potential mood is characterized by a high degree of stem mutation, and although there are some basic patterns, the only way to know the correct potential stem is to memorize it for each verb.
| íz-Verbs | | éz-Verbs | | áz-Verbs | |
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural |
1st Person | duxe | duxe | hoxe | hoxe | çaxe | çaxe |
2nd Person | duxa | duxen | hoxa | hoxan | çaxa | çaxan |
3rd Person | duxes | duxos | hoxas | hoxos | çaxas | çaxos |
Optative
Similar to the potential, the optative stem is highly irregular. The optative shows want or desire, ie. “I want to x.”
| íz-Verbs | | éz-Verbs | | áz-Verbs | |
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural |
1st Person | dude | dude | hoche | hoche | çante | çante |
2nd Person | duda | dudan | hocha | hochan | çanta | çantan |
3rd Person | dudas | dudos | hochas | hochos | çantas | çantos |
Causative
The causative can be either volitional or non-volitional, depending on context. In other words, there is no difference between “they made me do x” and “they let me do x.”
| íz-Verbs | | éz-Verbs | | áz-Verbs | |
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural |
1st Person | devissoz | devissez | hozessoz | hozessez | çamassoz | çamassez |
2nd Person | devásseza | devíssozen | hozésseza | hozéssozen | çamásseza | çamássozen |
3rd Person | devíssozes | devíssezos | hozéssozes | hozéssezos | çamássozes | çamássezos |
Jussive
The jussive usually is used for commands or suggestions, but may also serve as a future tense, especially in the 1st person, ie. ai lla salva eulle arrién hozér “I will read the king’s book.”
| íz-Verbs | | éz-Verbs | | áz-Verbs | |
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural |
1st Person | devír | devír | hozér | hozéir | çamár | çamáir |
2nd Person | devíon | deviren | hozíon | hozeren | çamón | çamaren |
3rd Person | devives | deviros | hozeves | hozeros | çamaves | çamaros |
Voice
Antipassive
The antipassive is used for transitive verbs when there is no object in the sentence. Notice that if the object is simply dropped because it is known between both speakers, then the regular active form is used.
| íz-Verbs | | éz-Verbs | | áz-Verbs | |
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural |
1st Person | diuves | deviste | heuzes | hozeste | çomes | çamaste |
2nd Person | deviudes | devisse | hozeudes | hozesse | çamodes | çamasse |
3rd Person | deviures | deviras | hozeures | hozeras | çamores | çamaras |
Passive
| íz-Verbs | | éz-Verbs | | áz-Verbs | |
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural |
1st Person | dudor | duder | hochor | hocher | çamador | çamader |
2nd Person | dudon | dúdoren | hochon | hóchoren | çamadon | çamádoren |
3rd Person | dudes | dúdoros | hoches | hóchoros | çamodes | çamádoros |
Non-finite Forms
Infinitive
| íz-Verbs | | éz-Verbs | | áz-Verbs | |
| imperfect | perfect | imperfect | perfect | imperfect | perfect |
Antipassive | devinor | devínozer | hozenor | hozénozer | çamanor | çamánozer |
Passive | devís | dúdorre | hozés | hóchorre | çamás | çamádorre |
Active | devíz | devirre | hozéz | hoerre | çamáz | çamarre |
Participle
| íz-Verbs | | éz-Verbs | | áz-Verbs | |
| imperfect | perfect | imperfect | perfect | imperfect | perfect |
Antipassive | devín | | hozén | | çamán | |
Passive | | dud | | hoch | | çamád |
Active | devís | | hozés | | çamás | |
Gerund
| íz-Verbs | éz-Verbs | áz-Verbs |
Antipassive | deujón | hochón | çamajón |
Passive | deum | hoim | çam |
Active | devinte | hozente | çamante |
Stem-forms & Converbs
The stem from of a verb can be derived from the active infinitive minus -z:
íz-Verbs | éz-Verbs | áz-Verbs |
deví | hozé | çamá |
Stem forms serve three purposes. Firstly, in sentences with multiple verbs that agree in all conjugation factors, the stem form can replace all but the final verb.
- ex: allos herra vehéis, am salva hozéis, lle vuyón jováis / allos herra vehé, am salva hozé, lle vuyón jováis “He ate rice, read a book, and wrote his journal.”
Secondly, stem-forms can be used as converbs; used in conjunction with other verbs to express a variety of different meaning.
- ex: lla salva hozé-centís “They finished reading the book.”
Lastly, stem-forms can be used to modify nouns. Generally, this expresses that the noun is for the purpose of the verb. For example jová-ceye “words for writing,” versus tevá-ceye “words for speaking.”
Grammar
Word Order
Tevrés has free word order for nouns, so long as the verb comes last, however SOV is the most common and seen as the norm. The topic, if there is one, is usually placed first in a sentence.
ate tiro cuem travá-ui
TOP-1P.ABS.SG mine-T.DAT.SG house-SG walk-CON-go.1P.SG
“I walk to my home.”
Adjectives come after the nouns they modify, and adverbs come before their verbs, or at the beginning of a clause, but after the topic.
Relative Clauses
Relative clauses are marked with the particle dos, which is conjugated in accordance to its place in the relative sentence.
| Singular | Plural |
Ergative | dos | des |
Absolutive | don | de |
Dative | do | dona |
Genitive | des | des |
ai ceu tiroma do ul suenque çái teuves
TOP-1P.ERG.SG with my.mom REL-DAT.SG DEF.ABS.SG ring-SG give-P.1P.SG speak.ANTIP.NP.1P.SG
“I will speak with my mother to whom I gave the ring.”
Wordlist
- arrién, arrienes [aˈrjẽn, aˈrjẽ.nes] noun temp. class 3 king; queen
- ceya, ceyes [ˈt͡se.ja, ˈt͡se.jes] noun retro. class 1 word
- cinte, centíz, centíd, celme [ˈt͡sĩn.te, t͡sẽnˈtit͡s, t͡sẽnˈtið, ˈt͡sel.me] verb trans. i-stem to end, finish
- ciente, cientes [ˈt͡sjẽn.te, ˈt͡sjẽn.tes] noun retro. class 3 the sky
- cuaña, cuañes [ˈkwã.ɲa, ˈkwã.ɲes] noun repro. class 1 grain
- çame, çamáz, çamád, çam [ˈt͡sã.me, t͡sãˈmat͡s, t͡sãˈmað, t͡sãm] verb trans. a-stem to burn
- ço, çáz, çád, cem [ˈt͡so, ˈt͡sat͡s, ˈt͡sað, ˈt͡sẽm] verb trans. a-stem irregular to give
- dive, devíz, dud, deum [ˈði.ve, ðeˈvit͡s, ˈðuð, ˈðẽwm] verb intrans. i-stem to die
- durve, durvos [ˈðuɾ.ve, ˈðuɾ.vos] noun temp. class 2 thought, memory
- herra, herres [ˈe.ra, ˈe.res] noun retro. class 1 rice
- hoze, hozéz, hoch, hoim [ˈo.d͡ze, oˈd͡zet͡s, ˈot͡ʃ, ˈõjm] verb trans. e-stem to read
- jueve, jováz, jovád, joim [ˈʒwe.ve, ʒoˈvat͡s, ʒoˈvað, ˈʒõjm] verb trans. a-stem to read
- llengód, llengodes [ʎẽŋˈɣoð, ʎẽŋˈɣo.ðes] noun eternal class 3 topping, seasoning, flavoring
- lligre, llegríz, llegríd, lleum [ˈʎiɣ.ɾe, ʎeɣˈɾit͡s, ʎeɣˈɾið, ˈʎẽwm] verb intrans. i-stem to darken
- lluste, llusta, lluste [ˈʎus.te, ˈʎus.ta, ˈʎus.te] adjective class 1-2 red
- man, manos [ˈmãn, ˈmã.nos] noun eternal class 2 shell, coating, outside
- pued, puedes [ˈpweð, ˈpwe.ðes] noun repro. class 3 form
- raz, raz [ˈɾat͡s, ˈɾat͡s] adjective class 3 cracked, broken
- salva, salves [ˈsal.va, ˈsal.ves] noun repro. class 1 a book
- suenque, suenques [ˈswẽŋ.ke, ˈswẽŋ.kes] noun temp. class 2 a ring
- tieve, teváz, tevád, teum [ˈtje.ve, tjeˈvat͡s, tjeˈvað, ˈtẽwm] verb trans. a-stem to speak, to talk
- tiroma, tiromes [tiˈrõ.ma, tiˈrõ.mes] noun repro. class 1 one’s own mother
- vehe, vehéz, vech, veim [ˈve.e, veˈet͡s, ˈvet͡ʃ, ˈvẽjm] verb trans. e-stem to eat
- vuyón, vuyones [vuˈjõn, vuˈjõ.nes] noun repro. class 3 journal, diary
submitted by gafflancer to conlangs [link] [comments]
LAUITEM | PART 2.1 - VERBS
Part 1 - Phonology, nouns and adjectives
https://www.reddit.com/conlangs/comments/a29ihj/my\first_conlang_still_a_work_in_process_lauitem/)
VERBS (part 1)
Personal pronouns
| Masculine | Feminine | Neutral |
I | iu | ia | i |
you | iru | ira | ir |
"polite" you | - | - | lura |
he/she/it | lur | lar | lir |
we | - | - | ide |
you | - | - | ire |
they | - | - | lie |
FIRST CONJUGATION -IN
KIAR'IN - to sing
(from the Part 1: There are three diferent verbs for expressing singing. Kiarin - to sing, action associated with musical creation and art, common to myths/legends songs or poetic creation; Nasin - to sing/to praise/to pray, action for praising or praying to Miraun and religious ceremonies; Aretin - to sing, action for secular activities, common to parties, festivities, fun times. Both Nasin and Aretin are considered a product of Kiarin.)
Indicative
PRESENT
| Masculine | Feminine | Neutral |
I | kiarum | kiaram | kiarim |
you | kiaroi | kiarei | kiarau |
"polite" you | - | - | kiari |
he/she/it | kiaru | kiara | kiari |
we | - | - | kiarem |
you | - | - | kiareg |
they | - | - | kiarie |
PERFECT
| Masculine | Feminine | Neutral |
I | kiaridu | kiarida | kiaradi |
you | kiaroidu | kiareida | kiaraudi |
"polite" you | - | - | kiarid |
he/she/it | kiarud | kiarad | kiarid |
we | - | - | kiaraudem |
you | - | - | kiarudeg |
they | - | - | kiarudie |
PLUPERFECT
Masculine | Feminine | Neutral |
kiarirum | kiariram | kiararim |
kiareroi | kiarerei | kiarerau |
- | - | kiareri |
kiareru | kiarera | kiareri |
- | - | kiaraurem |
- | - | kiarureg |
- | - | kiarurie |
IMPERFECT
Maculine | Feminine | Neutral |
kiarisum | kiarisam | kiarasim |
kiaresoi | kiaresei | kiaresau |
- | - | kiaresi |
kiaresu | kiaresa | kiaresi |
- | - | kiarausem |
- | - | kiaruseg |
- | - | kiarusie |
FUTURE
Masculine | Feminine | Neutral |
kiarinur | kiarinar | kiarinir |
kiarenus | kiarenas | kiarenaus |
- | - | kiareni |
kiarenu | kiarena | kiareni |
- | - | kiaraunem |
- | - | kiaruneg |
- | - | kiarunie |
Conditional
PRESENT
Masculine | Feminine | Neutral |
kiarut | kiarat | kiarit |
kiaroit | kiareit | kiaraut |
- | - | kiarit |
kiarut | kiarut | kiarit |
- | - | kiaraet |
- | - | kiaruet |
- | - | kiariet |
Subjunctive
PRESENT
Masculine | Feminine | Neutral |
kiarue | kiarea | kiarei |
kiariu | kiaria | kiareu |
- | - | kiarei |
kiarue | kiarea | kiarei |
- | - | kiareim |
- | - | kiareug |
- | - | kiarie |
IMPERFECT
Masculine | Feminine | Neutral |
kiaripum | kiaripam | kiarapim |
kiaripoi | kiaripei | kiaripau |
- | - | kiarepi |
kiaripu | kiaripa | kiarepi |
- | - | kiaraupem |
- | - | kiarupeg |
- | - | kiarupie |
FUTURE
Masculine | Feminine | Neutral |
kiarinu | kiarina | kiarin |
kiarinoi | kiarinei | kiarinau |
- | - | kiarin |
kiarinu | kiarina | kiarin |
- | - | kiarinem |
- | - | kiarineg |
- | - | kiarinie |
SECOND CONJUGATION -EN
LAR'EN - to desire
INDICATIVE
PRESENT
larom | larem | laruom |
laros | lares | laruas |
- | - | larua |
laro | lare | larua |
- | - | laruom |
- | - | laruog |
- | - | larua |
PERFECT
laredo | larede | lareduo |
laredos | laredas | lareduas |
- | - | laruad |
larod | lared | laruad |
- | - | lareduam |
- | - | lareduag |
- | - | laredua |
PLUPERFECT
larerom | larerem | lareruom |
lararos | larares | lararuas |
- | - | lararuo |
lararo | larare | lararuo |
- | - | laruarem |
- | - | larureg |
- | - | larurua |
IMPERFECT
laresom | laresem | laresuom |
larasos | larases | larasuas |
- | - | larasuo |
laraso | larase | larasuo |
- | - | laruasem |
- | - | laruseg |
- | - | larusua |
FURURE
larenor | larener | larenuor |
laranos | laranes | laranuas |
- | - | laranuo |
larano | larane | laranuo |
- | - | laruanem |
- | - | laruneg |
- | - | larunua |
Conditional
PRESENT
larot | laret | laruot |
larasot | laraset | larasuat |
- | - | laruot |
larot | laret | laruot |
- | - | laruamet |
- | - | laruget |
- | - | laruat |
Subjunctive
PRESENT
laroe | larea | lareu |
larios | laries | lareus |
- | - | lareu |
laroe | larea | lareu |
- | - | lareum |
- | - | lareug |
- | - | lareu |
IMPERFECT
larepom | larepem | larepuom |
larapos | larapes | larapuas |
- | - | larapuo |
larapo | larape | larapuo |
- | - | laruapem |
- | - | larupeg |
- | - | larupua |
FUTURE
lareno | larene | larenuo |
lareno | larene | larenua |
- | - | laren |
lareno | larene | laren |
- | - | larenem |
- | - | lareneg |
- | - | larenua |
submitted by BenefitCuttlefish to conlangs [link] [comments]
Tell us about your verb system
I recently compiled an overview of the Spanish verb system. I thought it would be fun to share and see how it compares to other languages. Please provide an overview of
your verb system, either one you're learning or your native language.
SPANISH VERB SYSTEM SIMPLE CONJUGATIONS: 8
- 5 indicative (present, preterite, imperfect, future, conditional);
- 2 subjunctive (present, imperfect);
- 1 imperative
COMPOUND CONJUGATIONS: 6 perfect, 14 continuous
- Perfect: 4 indicative (perfect, pluperfect, future perfect, conditional perfect: 2 subjunctive (perfect, pluperfect)
- Continuous: using all simple and compound perfect
DEGREE OF REGULARITY: There are 3 regular conjugations (verbs ending in -ar, -er, -ir);
- About half of all verbs are non-regular, but most follow variations on the regular patterns; there are very few truly irregular verbs.
QUIRKS:
- The imperative differs depending on whether it is negative or positive (2nd person forms, only)
- The imperfect subjunctive has two distinct (interchangeable) forms - the "ra" form and the "se" form
EDIT: It should also be mentioned that there is a
future subjunctive that is essentially obsolete and an additional compound tense (the
pretérito anterior) which has become quite rare in everyday speech. Had a great PM from a native Spanish speaker and they gave some beautiful detail about this which they will hopefully post here!
submitted by mitchellp to languagelearning [link] [comments]
Central Americans: Some help with the subjunctive voseo
I'm having a hard time finding examples of the subjunctive forms of the voseo, since most dictionaries revert to the Argentinian form where it isn't used. How would you complete the following sentences?
Quiero que vos... 1. ir 2. conocer 3. tener 4. ser 5. saber 6. pensar 7. traer 8. pedir 9. haber 10. conducir
Quería que vos... 1. ir 2. conocer 3. tener 4. ser 5. saber 6. pensar 7. traer 8. pedir 9. haber 10. conducir
I chose these examples because they're irregular in the present and/or imperfect subjunctive tú form. Feel free to do some or all of them, or to mention something else you feel is important. ¡Muchísimas gracias!
submitted by yvosquequeres to Spanish [link] [comments]
Why do we use of the imperfect subjunctive here?
I’m used to seeing the subjunctive in sentences that have “que” and a dependent clause. But in the below sentences I’m not clear why the imperfect subjunctive is chosen.
Te hubiera gustado... you would have liked. Why do we use the subjunctive here?
Me hubiera ir... I would have gone. Why the subjunctive?
Thanks!
Edit. More detail on the context I heard this:
Here is the context I heard it:
-¿Adonde fuiste? -A una fiesta. Te hubiera gustado.
Then more dialogue about the party until the end below:
-La fiesta fue muy divertido. -Tienes razón. Me hubiera gustado ir.
submitted by RSquared210 to Spanish [link] [comments]
Does one use other tenses than the imperfect subjunctive in "if" clauses?
Don't get me wrong, I am all about the imperfect subjunctive. And I understand the use of it in if-clauses, like si fuera rico, compraría una casa to mean "if I were rich..." where "were" would be translated into the imperfect subjunctive of "ser".
But what about for future if-clauses? For instance, if I wanted to say "if I go to Spain (in the future), I would have to learn more Spanish", which conjugation of ir would we use? Is there a conditional future tense that I don't know of, or do we just use iré?
Si iré a España, aprendería mas español or something like that?
Also, what about when we use present tense in English? If I want to say "if I am sick (right now), would I speak Spanish?". Pardon my lack of creativity, but whatever.
Is there a case for using the normal present tense here? Si estoy enfermo (en este momento), ¿hablaría español?
Sorry if I'm explaining the question poorly.
The bottom line of my question is, do we ever not use the imperfect subjunctive, but other tenses instead inside the if-clauses?
submitted by EquationTAKEN to Spanish [link] [comments]
Preguntas
1) Is there any particular reason for placing the subject after the verb? It's not like it needs to be inverted. Sometimes I see statements where the subject is after the verb and dont understand why?
For example: ¿Pasó ya el cartero?
Él come.... vs Come él.....
2) I'm confused about the use of Haber on it's own. I understand its uses in all other tenses when it's not on it's own.
For example: En el cajón había* un montón de fotos antiguas
Google translates this as "In the drawer there was a lot of old photos". Why not just use era or fue instead of había? When else would you used había on it's own?
3) (Yes or no) Is "el" optional in this sentence: "yo no hablo bien el español"
4) Unsure why the indirect object is required in these sentences: "Jack puede hacer con John lo mismo que le hicieron con Michael"
"Le voy a llevar de compras"
5) "Eschúchame a mí" - Doesnt eschúchame in itself mean listen to me? Isnt the "a mí" redundant?
6) "Yo quisiera una chaqueta" - Why is the imperfect subjunctive of querer being used to mean "would like"? Is quisiera any different from "Querría" or "Me gustaría"? Is any one of them prefered?
7) "Prefiero solo rentar el DVD e irla a ver con mis amigos" - Why is "la" behind ir and not ver? He is going to "see it" not "go it".
8) "Las Matemáticas no me disgustan pero no se me dan tan bien". Can someone please break down the construction of "no se me dan tan bien" and what it means?
9) "Hablas muy bien el español" Is the "el/article" before a language mandatory?
10) Después vs Después de? Confused at when "de" is omitted" Example: "Después salió disimuladamente.."
Thanks in advance for your help guys. Much appreciated. Unfortunately I wont be able to respond immediately.
submitted by Alextooturnt to Spanish [link] [comments]
ir imperfect subjunctive video
The imperfect subjunctive It is relatively easy to form, as long as you remember your preterite. Three steps to success. 1. Take the third person plural of the verb in the preterite. 2. Take off the ending (ron) 3. Add the new set of endings -ra -„ramos (accent the preceding vowel) -ras -rais -ra -ran Imperfect Subjunctive Conjugation of ir – Imperfecto de subjuntivo de ir. Spanish Verb Conjugation: yo fuera, tú fueras, él / Ud.… Learn imperfect subjunctive with free interactive flashcards. Choose from 500 different sets of imperfect subjunctive flashcards on Quizlet. For -er and -ir verbs, you drop the -er or -ir and change it to -ie. This’ll become more apparent once you’ve seen some examples. Here are the imperfect subjunctive endings. Ir: Imperfect Subjunctive Tense. Using the chart below you can learn how to conjugate the Spanish verb ir in Imperfect Subjunctive tense. There are two forms for the Imperfect Subjunctive in Spanish. The -se form is considered the traditional form of the imperfect subjunctive, while the -ra is derived from an old Latin indicative form. Regular -ER and -IR Verbs. To help you remember the imperfect subjunctive conjugation for -ER and -IR verbs, you can look to the present indicative tense. Take the third-person plural form of the present indicative and change the o to an a. Present indicative: ustedes vivieron. Imperfect subjunctive: ustedes vivieran Another tense that makes up part of the conjuntivo is the imperfeito do conjuntivo Play normal audio imperfect subjunctive.You learned about the pretérito imperfeito do indicativo, which references past events that were ongoing.In the conjuntivo, however, the imperfect refers to: . past or future wishes and desires; something purely hypothetical in the past or future: Imperfect Subjunctive Uses. The imperfect subjunctive can be used to talk about past occurrences, current opinions of past events, doubts and wishes, as well as in if clauses and polite requests. 1. Past Occurrences. If the WEIRDO verb in the independent clause is in the preterite or the imperfect, then the subjunctive verb that follows will be imperfect. In Imperfect Subjunctive I, you learned the difference between Present Subjunctive and Imperfect Subjunctive as two different tenses within the subjunctive mood. You also learned that the imperfect tense of the subjunctive mood is used to express the same subjectivity as the present subjunctive, but in the past. The imperfect subjunctive (el pretérito imperfecto de subjuntivo) follows all the same rules as the present subjunctive for when to use it. The only difference is timing. Only specific combinations of tenses are permitted in the subjunctive.
ir imperfect subjunctive top
[index]
[8725] [3236] [9398] [6999] [667] [6205] [8650] [4889] [4022] [643]
ir imperfect subjunctive
Copyright © 2024 vip.fitnessportal.site